2026

Image Credit: Adam Islaam | IIASA | Based on Leclère et al. 2020 Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2705-y
Current State
Predicting biodiversity dynamics is hampered by fragmented, inconsistent or context-dependent theory.
Desired State
Coherent integrative theory allows prediction of biodiversity dynamics and iterative learning from new observations.
Complexity of Biodiversity

Incomplete Observation

Limited Causal Inference

We haven’t had the tools needed to test and integrate theory across the scales required for prediction of biodiversity!
Incomplete Observation

Sensors and Citizen Science

Satellites provide observations from metres to the globe, while ground-based sensors and citizen scientists provide rich in situ data
Limited Causal Inference

Modern Causal Statistics

Allows us to test causation at the scale of observations
Complexity of Biodiversity

Trait-Based Ecology

Mechanistic links between scales from organism to ecosystem and Nature’s Contributions to People
For those who need to simplify…
Tractable Measurements

Dense observations

Causal Statistics

Combining these solutions makes biodiversity theory testable and continuously falsifiable across spatial and temporal scales.
Ultimately allowing better prediction to inform decisions…

… and a better future for biodiversity and Nature’s Contributions to People
